What is Splenectomy?
Splenectomy is the surgical removal of the spleen, an organ located in the upper left side of the abdomen. The spleen plays a role in filtering blood, storing red blood cells, and supporting the immune system. Surgery may be necessary when the spleen becomes enlarged, damaged, or diseased, affecting a patient’s health.
Why is Splenectomy Needed?
A spleen may need to be removed for several reasons, including:
- Ruptured spleen due to trauma or accident
- Enlarged spleen (splenomegaly) causing discomfort or blood cell destruction
- Blood disorders such as sickle cell anemia, thalassemia, or idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP)
- Infections or cysts resistant to other treatments
- Spleen tumors or cancer involvement
Types of Spleen Surgery
Laparoscopic Splenectomy
This minimally invasive procedure removes the spleen through small incisions in the abdomen using a camera and specialized surgical instruments. Compared to traditional open surgery, it offers less pain, shorter hospital stays, and faster recovery. It is safely preferred in most spleen-related conditions.
Open Splenectomy
In this method, the spleen is removed through a larger incision in the abdomen. It is usually preferred for large, ruptured, or cancer-involved spleens. Open splenectomy allows the surgeon direct visibility and greater control during complex cases or emergencies.
How is Splenectomy Performed?
Anesthesia: General anesthesia
Duration: 1–3 hours depending on the complexity
Hospital Stay: 3–5 days on average
Recovery: Patients typically return to daily life within 3–4 weeks
Post-care: Vaccinations and preventive antibiotics are recommended to support the immune system after spleen removal
Recovery After Splenectomy
Most patients can eat light meals within 1–2 days.
Light activity is possible after 2 weeks; full recovery usually takes 4–6 weeks.
Long-term care may involve vaccinations (against pneumonia, meningitis, influenza) since the spleen plays an immune role.
Regular follow-up appointments are essential to monitor blood health.
Possible Risks & Our Preventive Measures
| Possible Risks | Our Preventive Measures |
|---|---|
| Infection risk (due to lack of spleen) | Preventive vaccinations and antibiotics |
| Bleeding during or after surgery | Use of advanced laparoscopic tools and close monitoring |
| Blood clot formation | Early mobilization, blood-thinning medication if needed |
| Injury to surrounding organs | Experienced surgeons and advanced imaging guidance |
| Rare anesthesia-related complications | Full pre-operative assessment and 24/7 ICU backup |